Can't connect to a Minecraft server? Here's how to fix it

Check the basics first

• Is the server running? Look at its panel or console. A server that's still starting refuses connections for a minute.
• Is the address exact? One wrong letter gives "Unknown host". Copy it rather than typing it.
• Same edition? Java players join Java servers and Bedrock players join Bedrock servers, unless the server runs Geyser for crossplay.
• Same version? The game and the server have to match, or the server needs a plugin like ViaVersion to accept other versions.

What the error means

• Connection refused: nothing is listening at that address and port. The server is off, still starting, or the port is wrong.
• Connection timed out: the connection never got an answer. A firewall, a school or work network, or a server that hasn't finished starting are the usual causes.
• Outdated client or Outdated server: your game version and the server's don't match. Pick the server's version in the launcher's Installations, or change the server's version.
• You are not white-listed on this server: ask an op to run whitelist add YourName.
• Failed to verify username or Invalid session: restart the launcher and sign in again.
• Mismatched mods or a list of missing mods: modded servers need the same mods, at the same versions, on your game.
• Unknown host: the address is mistyped, or a new domain hasn't finished setting up yet.

On Jump

A free Jump server sleeps after 15 minutes with nobody online. Joining wakes it: the first try shows a message like "is starting up", and you join again about 20 seconds later. Nobody needs to press Start.

If it still won't let you in, open the panel: Console shows the error, and Hopper, the panel assistant, can explain it. The troubleshooting guide covers the rest.

Questions